Transposable elements contribute to mammalian NF-kB-bound regions. (A) Ranked overlap values for each TE subfamily with RELA peak summits from human, mouse, and cow. Significantly enriched TE subfamilies found in panel B are colored red. (B) TE subfamilies significantly enriched within RELA-bound regions in human, mouse, and cow were calculated by comparing observed and expected/simulated overlap events at RELA peak summits. The cutoffs to define enriched TE subfamilies: FDR < 0.05, log2 fold change >1 and the number of observed overlap events ≥10. Observed overlap number/total number of each TE subfamily is displayed for each bar. Bars marked with an asterisk indicate the presence of canonical RELA motifs in the consensus sequence. (C) Estimated evolutionary age of all the enriched TE subfamilies. The top panel depicts the median of estimated age of these elements, and the bottom panel presents enrichment values. Dashed gray lines represent estimated human-mouse and mouse-cow divergence time. TE subfamilies shared by more than one species are highlighted in blue. (D) An example (AmnSINE1) of a three-species-conserved TE-derived RELA-bound region. Light blue shades show orthologous regions of the three species.
