Characterization of the significantly misregulated coding genes in the F1, bB2, and nB2 embryos. (A) Venn diagrams showing the number of up- (top) and down-regulated genes (bottom) in the bB2, F1, or nB2 embryos compared with both parental embryos. (B) Heatmap showing the expression intensity of all the misregulated genes in the parental, F1, bB2, and nB2 embryos. Note the difference between the bB2 and the remaining categories of embryos. Row Z-score scale bar is shown at the bottom. (C) Violin plots with overlaid box plots showing the Ka/Ks values of the genes that are up-regulated, down-regulated, and those not showing a significant change in the bB2 embryos. (****) P < 0.0001; (ns) not significant compared with those without significant change (Wilcoxon ranked-sum test). (D,E) Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for biological processes of up- (D) and down-regulated genes (E) in each category of hybrid embryos as indicated.
