Population structure tree in humans. Closer colors represent closer clusters on the PST. (A) Main branches corresponding to continental groups have been labeled based on assignment of individuals in the branches to population groups (labels defined post hoc). Maya and Pima individuals are found in two subgroups, one within the Americas branch and one outside it. (B) Fine-scale structure revealed by the PST. Clusters or cluster groups in which a majority (>50%) of individuals have a particular label or labels are circled and marked with the corresponding group labels. Under each label, detailed assignments are given in the format x/y(z%): (x) number of individuals with the marked label assigned to the cluster group; (y) number of individuals in the data set with that label; (z) proportion of individuals with the marked labels among all individuals assigned to the cluster group. In the case of cluster groups with more than one hierarchical level, the detailed assignments refer to the cluster at the highest hierarchical level in the cluster group. For non-leaf cluster groups (marked with *), the proportion z is taken among all individuals in the cluster group, omitting all individuals in all descendant clusters assigned a label different from the label of the cluster group. Labels in bold indicate clusters or cluster groups (not considering omitted individuals, if relevant) that contain only individuals that have the marked labels (i.e., z = 100%).
