Table 2.
QTLs mapped in rat
|
Major phenotype category |
Phenotype |
No. of QTLs |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular system phenotypes | Blood pressure | 263 |
| Heart rate | 17 | |
| Heart size, weight, morphology | 39 | |
| Renin concentration/activity | 5 | |
| Vasculature phenotypes | 2 | |
| Immune system phenotypes | Joint swelling and inflammation | 70 |
| IgE levels | 8 | |
| Type II hypersensitivity reaction | 1 | |
| White blood cell count | 3 | |
| Immune system organ morphology | 2 | |
| Natural killer cell alloreactivity | 2 | |
| Acute phase protein physiology | 3 | |
| Interleukin physiology | 2 | |
| Cytokine physiology | 3 | |
| Renal/urinary system phenotypes | Kidney morphology | 38 |
| Kidney physiology and urine chemistry | 95 | |
| Lipid homeostasis | Phospholipids | 7 |
| Tryglycerides | 22 | |
| Cholesterol | 35 | |
| Glucose homeostasis | Glucose levels | 33 |
| Glucose tolerance | 34 | |
| Insulin levels | 19 | |
| Digestive system physiology and morphology | Pancreas inflammation | 4 |
| Pancreas morphology | 2 | |
| Pancreas regeneration | 1 | |
| Tumorigenesis/cancer-related phenotypes | Liver | 27 |
| Tongue | 7 | |
| T-cell-derived lymphoma | 3 | |
| Pituitary gland | 8 | |
| Thymus | 2 | |
| Mammary | 13 | |
| Gastric | 4 | |
| Adrenal gland | 1 | |
| Nervous system phenotype | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | 20 |
| CNS ischemia | 3 | |
| Spike wave discharge | 2 | |
| Brain development | 5 | |
| Consumption phenotypes | Alcohol preference and consumption | 18 |
| Saline consumption | 2 | |
| Food consumption | 1 | |
| Saccharin preference and consumption | 6 | |
| Body growth, size, and fat phenotypes | Body weight | 59 |
| Body fat | 13 | |
| Musculoskeletal phenotypes | Limb and digit morphology | 6 |
| Vision/eye phenotypes | 5 | |
| Blood chemistry phenotypes | Thyroid hormones | 2 |
| Adrenal gland hormones | 5 | |
| Leptin levels | 4 | |
| Atrial natriuretic factor levels | 1 | |
| Mental-health-related phenotypes | Stress response | 5 |
| Anxiety | 16 | |
| Depression | 15 | |
| Locomotor/activity phenotypes | 6 | |
| Other | X-ray sensitivity | 3 |
| Liver copper content | 4 | |
|
|
Male infertility
|
1
|
-
Source: Rat Genome Database, April 2005. The phenotypes and diseases with mapped QTLs cover the majority of the Institutes and Centers at the National Institutes of Health, demonstrating that rats are widely used for research.
