Table 5.
Relative Levels of Gene Expression in the Embryonic Zebrafish and Fetal Human Hearts
| No. of ESTs | Proportion of ESTs | ||||||
| Z | H | Z | H | EXP | OBS/EXP | χ2 | |
| Cell division | |||||||
| General | 17 | 154 | 0.65% | 1.42% | 36.97 | 0.46 | 10.95† |
| DNA synthesis/replication | 8 | 24 | 0.31% | 0.22% | 5.76 | 1.39 | 0.87 |
| Apoptosis | 6 | 11 | 0.23% | 0.10% | 2.64 | 2.27 | 4.28 |
| Cell cycle | 20 | 92 | 0.77% | 0.85% | 22.09 | 0.91 | 0.20 |
| Chromosome structure | 23 | 149 | 0.88% | 1.37% | 35.77 | 0.64 | 4.63 |
| Category subtotal | 74 | 430 | 2.84% | 3.96% | 103.24 | 0.72 | 8.63 |
| Cell signalling/communication | |||||||
| Cell adhesion | 11 | 93 | 0.42% | 0.86% | 22.33 | 0.49 | 5.80 |
| Channel/transport proteins | 10 | 78 | 0.38% | 0.72% | 18.73 | 0.53 | 4.10 |
| Effectors/modulators | 60 | 156 | 2.30% | 1.44% | 37.45 | 1.60 | 13.77† |
| Hormones/growth factors | 27 | 297 | 1.04% | 2.74% | 71.31 | 0.38 | 28.32† |
| Intracellular transducers | 27 | 242 | 1.04% | 2.23% | 58.10 | 0.46 | 17.04† |
| Metabolism | 0 | 28 | 0.00% | 0.26% | 6.72 | 0.00 | 6.74 |
| Protein modification | 25 | 166 | 0.96% | 1.53% | 39.86 | 0.63 | 5.62 |
| Receptors | 29 | 97 | 1.11% | 0.89% | 23.29 | 1.25 | 1.41 |
| Category subtotal | 189 | 1157 | 7.25% | 10.66% | 277.79 | 0.68 | 31.83 |
| Cell structure/motility | |||||||
| General | 12 | 48 | 0.46% | 0.44% | 11.52 | 1.04 | 0.02 |
| Contractile proteins | 229 | 868 | 8.79% | 8.00% | 208.40 | 1.10 | 2.22 |
| Cytoskeletal | 324 | 537 | 12.43% | 4.95% | 128.93 | 2.51 | 310.75† |
| Extracellular matrix | 69 | 410 | 2.65% | 3.78% | 98.44 | 0.70 | 9.16 |
| Microtubule-associated/motors | 3 | 0 | 0.12% | 0.00% | 0.00 | n/a | n/a |
| Vesicular transport | 4 | 33 | 0.15% | 0.30% | 7.92 | 0.50 | 1.95 |
| Category subtotal | 641 | 1896 | 24.60% | 17.47% | 455.22 | 1.41 | 92.17 |
| Cell/organism defense | |||||||
| General | 52 | 100 | 2.00% | 0.92% | 24.01 | 2.17 | 30.63 |
| DNA repair | 18 | 64 | 0.69% | 0.59% | 15.37 | 1.17 | 0.45 |
| Carrier protein/membrane transport | 96 | 303 | 3.68% | 2.79% | 72.75 | 1.32 | 7.65 |
| Stress response | 62 | 146 | 2.38% | 1.35% | 35.05 | 1.77 | 21.00† |
| Immunology | 7 | 54 | 0.27% | 0.50% | 12.97 | 0.54 | 2.76 |
| Category subtotal | 235 | 667 | 9.02% | 6.15% | 160.14 | 1.47 | 38.74† |
| Gene/protein expression | |||||||
| RNA synthesis | |||||||
| RNA polymerases | 3 | 28 | 0.12% | 0.26% | 6.72 | 0.45 | 2.07 |
| RNA processing | 61 | 335 | 2.34% | 3.09% | 80.43 | 0.76 | 4.85 |
| Transcription factors | 79 | 458 | 3.03% | 4.22% | 109.96 | 0.72 | 8.33 |
| Protein synthesis | |||||||
| Posttranslational modification/targetting | 56 | 341 | 2.15% | 3.14% | 81.87 | 0.68 | 8.45 |
| Protein turnover | 54 | 151 | 2.07% | 1.39% | 36.25 | 1.49 | 8.81 |
| Ribosomal proteins | 449 | 2232 | 17.23% | 20.56% | 535.89 | 0.84 | 17.81† |
| tRNA synthesis/metabolism | 6 | 33 | 0.23% | 0.30% | 7.92 | 0.76 | 0.47 |
| Translation factors | 103 | 685 | 3.95% | 6.31% | 164.47 | 0.63 | 24.54† |
| Category subtotal | 811 | 4263 | 31.12% | 39.28% | 1023.53 | 0.79 | 73.41 |
| Metabolism | |||||||
| General | 10 | 28 | 0.38% | 0.26% | 6.72 | 1.52 | 1.6 |
| Amino acid | 22 | 79 | 0.84% | 0.73% | 18.97 | 1.14 | 0.49 |
| Cofactors | 0 | 12 | 0.00% | 0.11% | 2.88 | 0.00 | 2.88 |
| Energy/TCA cycle | 144 | 556 | 5.53% | 5.12% | 133.49 | 1.10 | 0.87 |
| Lipid | 51 | 177 | 1.96% | 1.63% | 42.50 | 1.23 | 1.73 |
| Nucleotide | 32 | 78 | 1.23% | 0.72% | 18.73 | 1.70 | 9.48 |
| Protein modification | 9 | 64 | 0.35% | 0.59% | 15.37 | 0.60 | 2.65 |
| Sugar/glycolysis | 50 | 363 | 1.92% | 3.34% | 87.15 | 0.56 | 16.40 |
| Transport | 75 | 146 | 2.88% | 1.35% | 35.05 | 2.16 | 46.15† |
| Category subtotal | 393 | 1503 | 15.08% | 13.85% | 360.86 | 1.10 | 3.3 |
| Unclassified | 263 | 936 | 10.09% | 8.62% | 224.73 | 1.15 | 7.14 |
| Total | 2606 | 10854 | |||||
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↵ P = .005; †P = .001
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(Z) Embryonic zebrafish; (H) Fetal human; (EXP) expected no. of transcripts; (OBS) observed no. of transcripts; (χ2) chi square result.
