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  1. ..., University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA ↵6 These authors contributed equally to this work. Corresponding author: laie@mskcc.orgAbstractTo assess miRNA evolution across the Drosophila genus, we analyzed several billion small RNA reads across 12 fruit fly species. These data...
  2. ...to a slr-2/jmjc-1-dependent stress-response motif conserved between ecdysozoa and deuterostomes (Fig. 5B; Kirienko and Fay 2010). Other predicted motifs matched a miRNA promoter-associated motif (Ohler et al. 2004), the core promoter SP1 site (Li et al. 2004), muscle-specific motifs 1–4 of Zhao et al...
  3. ...The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains each of the broad classes of eukaryotic small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small-interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). To better understand the evolution of these regulatory RNAs, we deep-sequenced small RNAs from C...
  4. ...conservation and divergence of nematode miRNAs over 400 million years of evolution. Ascaris endo-siRNAs (26G- and 22G-RNAs), particularly in the testis, demonstrate striking adaptability and plasticity in their expression and biogenesis, including the loss of 39 29-Omethylation of small RNAs, when comparedwith...
  5. ...made characterizing miRNA repertoires and elucidating their physiological roles, the molecular mechanism(s) by which miRNAs (and their effector proteins) reduce protein output of target genes have remained controversial. Initial analysis of the C. elegans miRNAs lin-4 and let-7 indicated that miRNAs...
  6. ...appreciable sequence divergence (Fig. 7E). Thus it is possible that a sequence difference in the promoter of mir-237 might drive the differential expression of this miRNA in both C. briggsae and C. nigoni background. The differential expression we observed may contribute to the sterility of hybrid lines...
  7. ...miRNA “seed”) to the target, subsequently promoting translational inhibition and transcript instability. In plants, many miRNAs guide endonucleolytic cleavage of highly complementary targets. Because little is known about miRNA function in nonbilaterian animals, we investigated the repertoire...
  8. ...acting as regulatory elements in nematode development. Small non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have received increasing attention as regulatory factors shaping cellular and organismal life. A catalog of reported miRNAs from various eukaryotes now covers 400 different RNA species...
  9. ..., a significant fraction of multiexon genes undergo alternative splicing, with higher frequencies reported across vertebrates (Pan et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2008; Barbosa-Morais et al. 2012; Merkin et al. 2012) in comparison to invertebrate model organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit...
  10. ...by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, the most successful methods for computational miRNA gene finding rely upon evolutionary conservation of miRNA candidates (Grad et al. 2003; Lai et al. 2003; Lim et al. 2003a,b). In particular, conserved hairpins that diverge more quickly in their terminal loops...
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