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Research: Shared evolutionary trajectories of three independent neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila
- Masafumi Nozawa,
- Yohei Minakuchi,
- Kazuhiro Satomura,
- Shu Kondo,
- Atsushi Toyoda,
- and Koichiro Tamura
Genome Res. November 2021 31: 2069-2079; Published in Advance October 21, 2021, doi:10.1101/gr.275503.121
...-X are under accelerated pseudogenization. To examine the generality of this pattern, we investigated the evolution of two additional neo-sex chromosomes that emerged independently in D. albomicans and D. americana and reanalyzed neo-sex chromosome evolution in D. miranda. Comparative genomic...
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Research: Transposable elements contribute to the evolution of host shift–related genes in cactophilic Drosophila species
- Daniel Siqueira de Oliveira,
- Anaïs Larue,
- William Vilas Boas Nunes,
- Francois Sabot,
- Alejandra Bodelón,
- María Pilar García Guerreiro,
- Cristina Vieira,
- and Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 487-505; Published in Advance February 10, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280463.125
...different preferences. Transposable elements are a source of genetic novelty between populations and species, driving rapid adaptive evolution. However, the extent of TEs’ contribution to host shift remains unexplored. Here, we perform genomic and transcriptomic analyses in six s of cactophilic species...
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Method: EnDeep4mC predicts DNA N⁴-methylcytosine sites using a dual-adaptive feature encoding framework in deep ensembles
- Shuyu Zhang,
- Quan Zou,
- Mengting Niu,
- Zhibin Lv,
- Antony Stalin,
- and Ximei Luo
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 589-599; Published in Advance February 17, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280977.125
...) it systematically elucidates species-feature associations and reveals 4mC sequence functional differentiation in biological evolution from a eukaryote/prokaryote perspective, offering potential biological insights that could guide future adaptive encoding strategies.The following sections first detail the Methods...
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Method: Inferring ancestry with the hierarchical soft clustering approach tangleGen
- Klara Elisabeth Burger,
- Solveig Klepper,
- Ulrike von Luxburg,
- and Franz Baumdicker
Genome Res. December 2024 34: 2244-2255; Published in Advance October 21, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.279399.124
...to the established ADMIXTURE method in terms of clustering and ancestry inference. The advantage of using tangleGen lies in its interpretability. The hierarchical nature provides insights into ancestral relationships and offers a new perspective on the composition and evolution of populations. Unlike ADMIXTURE...
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Research: Degrees of convergent evolution in rodent adaptations to arid environments
- Domitille Chalopin,
- Carine Rey,
- Jeremy Ganofsky,
- Juliana Blin,
- Pascale Chevret,
- Marion Mouginot,
- Laurent Guéguen,
- Bastien Boussau,
- Sophie Pantalacci,
- and Marie Sémon
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 472-486; Published in Advance January 21, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280089.124
...that there are many different, yet repeatedly selected, ways to adapt to aridity and that the degree of convergent evolution increases with both the age of the transitions and species relatedness.Repeated evolution, embracing parallel and convergent evolution, occurs when different lineages evolve similar traits...
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Research: Extreme heterochiasmy and high rates of sex-reversed recombination result in large yet homomorphic sex chromosomes in the Emei moustache toad
- Siyu Xie,
- Jun Li,
- Wanyan Chen,
- Lydia J.M. Fong,
- Chunhua Huang,
- Yan Feng,
- Qingbo Ai,
- Mian Zhao,
- Judith E. Mank,
- and Hua Wu
Genome Res. June 2025 35: 1325-1336; Published in Advance April 24, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280161.124
...chromosomes over large genomic regions.The evolution of sex chromosomes represents one of the major innovations of inheritance and plays a core role in sexual evolution in the animal kingdom (Charlesworth 1991; Wright et al. 2016). In species with genetic sex determination mechanisms, sex chromosomes carry...
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Method: Gene duplication is associated with gene diversification and potential neofunctionalization in lung cancer evolution
- Paul Ashford,
- Alexander M. Frankell,
- Zofia Piszka,
- Camilla S.M. Pang,
- Mahnaz Abbasian,
- Maise Al Bakir,
- Mariam Jamal-Hanjani,
- Nicholas McGranahan,
- Charles Swanton,
- and Christine A. Orengo
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 561-577; Published in Advance February 19, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.278663.123
...6BT, United Kingdom; 2Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; 3Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom; 4University College London Cancer...
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Research: Comprehensive functional annotation of ESR1-driven enhancers in breast cancer reveals hierarchical activity independent of genomic and epigenomic contexts
- Yanis Zekri,
- Sebastian Gregoricchio,
- Elif Yapıcı,
- Chia-Chi Flora Huang,
- Tunç Morova,
- Umut Berkay Altıntaş,
- Gozde Korkmaz,
- Nathan A. Lack,
- and Wilbert Zwart
Genome Res. July 2025 35: 1530-1543; Published in Advance June 10, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280320.124
...reorganizes 3D architecture, facilitating long-range genomic interactions to modulate gene transcription, we next investigated whether the three ERBS categories display distinct patterns of chromatin interactions.To explore this, we used high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) in MCF-7 cells...
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Mini-Review: Evolution of genome-wide methylation profiling technologies
- Carolina Montano and
- Winston Timp
Genome Res. April 2025 35: 572-582; doi:10.1101/gr.278407.123
...Evolution of -wide methylation profiling technologies Carolina Montano1,2 and Winston Timp1 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA; 2Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia...
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Method: Gapless assembly of complete human and plant chromosomes using only nanopore sequencing
- Sergey Koren,
- Zhigui Bao,
- Andrea Guarracino,
- Shujun Ou,
- Sara Goodwin,
- Katharine M. Jenike,
- Julian Lucas,
- Brandy McNulty,
- Jimin Park,
- Mikko Rautiainen,
- Arang Rhie,
- Dick Roelofs,
- Harrie Schneiders,
- Ilse Vrijenhoek,
- Koen Nijbroek,
- Olle Nordesjo,
- Sergey Nurk,
- Mike Vella,
- Katherine R. Lawrence,
- Doreen Ware,
- Michael C. Schatz,
- Erik Garrison,
- Sanwen Huang,
- William Richard McCombie,
- Karen H. Miga,
- Alexander H.J. Wittenberg,
- and Adam M. Phillippy
Genome Res. November 2024 34: 1919-1930; Published in Advance November 6, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.279334.124
...assembly, which can then be further resolved using the UL reads, and finally phased into chromosome-scale haplotypes with Pore-C. The resulting assemblies have a base accuracy exceeding 99.999% (Q50) and near-perfect continuity, with most chromosomes assembled as single contigs. We conclude that ONT...

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