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  1. ...loci associated with the response to hypoxia among heart enhancer shifts in both ancestral and naked mole-rat branches (Fig. 4A,E). Protein levels of HIF1A are thought to be increased in mole-rats (Kim et al. 2011), and we detected Up enhancers in the ancestral mole-rat branch for both core regulators...
  2. ...and molecular players that cause aging or how they differ between biological contexts. Both the fundamental nature of aging and its negative effects provide motivation to enumerate these players and establish causal relationships among aging phenotypes.Mammalian aging phenotypes manifest at the organismal...
  3. ...patterns and functional studies obtained from several model organisms (Meulemans and Bronner-Fraser 2004). Although this approach provided a conceptual framework for investigating neural crest identity, further resolution of the GRN requires the identification of direct epistatic interactions among its...
  4. ...all non–gold-standard genes among the top 150 predictions. The selected genes are the set with the maximum F-measure (Supplemental Methods) as assessed by cross-validation where precision was weighted five times as much as recall and resulted in a number of genes practical for systematic verification...
  5. ...found that essential and disease genes have been preferentially retained as single copies in four lineages (those of human, mouse, dog, and opossum; see Methods) since their last common ancestor. More specifically, we found that among those genes that have remained unduplicated over a total of 485...
  6. ...to the Xq arm of MDOX (M. Breen and P. Water, pers. comm.). Substitution rates and G+C content are elevated in the metatherian X chromosome We investigated G+C content since this strongly covaries with d S among eutheria ( Matassi et al. 1999 ; Lander et al. 2001 ; Hardison et al. 2003 ; Webber and Ponting...
  7. ...Traits Thirty-eight X-linked mouse-independent visible phenotypes covering a wide range of traits are reported in the literature (Table 2; Fig. 2). Most of these phenotypes have arisen spontaneously in mouse colonies or among the large numbers of mice used in mutagenesis experiments (George et al. 1994...
  8. ...among gene family members, suggesting that TFBSs are conserved to a degree among paralogs within VG clusters (Supplemental Fig. S5).Only three of the “other” VGs have an ATAC-seq peak within their inferred promoter region (CTL, VEGF1, and VEGF2) (Supplemental Fig. S6). Because these genes do not inhabit...
  9. ...microorganisms, especially pathogenic bacteria under SARS-CoV-2 infection, may aggravate the lung injury and lead to an exacerbated inflammatory response, according to previous studies. Meanwhile, distinct signatures of microbial profiles among COVID-19 patients can be related to disease severity, according...
  10. ...et al. 2021). Among the variety of methodological approaches, Drosophila RNAi Screening Center Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool (DIOPT) is widely used to identify ortholog candidates across multiple species, including flies and humans (see Supplemental Text 1; Hu et al. 2011). It is notable...
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