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  1. .... There is a significant dearth of exon-interrupting insertions among common Alu polymorphisms, but the density of singleton Alu insertions is constant across exonic and nonexonic regions. In one case, a validated novel singleton Alu interrupts a protein-coding exon of FAM187B . This implies that exonic Alu...
  2. ...&M approach, we proceeded as follows: • The ISV step:We analyzed each independently, using VariationHunter (Hormozdiari et al. 2009) for deletions and extended VariationHunter for Alu insertions (Hormozdiari et al. 2010).11 • The M step: To identify common structural variation among different s, we compared...
  3. ...to the divergence of the old and new world monkeys ( Shen et al. 1991 ; Lander et al. 2001 ; Batzer and Deininger 2002 ). Activity of the old Alu J/S subfamilies declined while being replaced by the younger Y subfamily (∼100,000 copies) ( Shen et al. 1991 ). Subsets of the Y subfamilies are the only known Alu...
  4. ...uninserted locus among the tested species indicates that this long-term maintenance of a duplication polymorphism is no more probable than that of a long-lived Alu insertion polymorphism. However, when considered together, these alternative pathways to the same observed state makes the observed insertion...
  5. ...and 60%–80% of the world population, as assessed by HLA class I and II allele frequency (Norman et al. 2015). Also included in the analysis was one chimpanzee B cell line, derived from Clint (Yerkes pedigree number C0471), a chimpanzee of the Pan troglodytes verus (Western chimpanzee) subspecies, who...
  6. ..., most Alu loci of this study display what can be considered “normal” levels of interpopulation diversity. View this table: In this window In a new window Table 1. Alu Insertion Frequencies at 21 Alu Loci and Overall Standardized Genetic Variance Among Populations, Fst Genetic Differences among...
  7. .... Genetic variation among world populations: Inferences from 100 Alu insertion polymorphisms. Genome Res. 13 : 1607 -1618. ↵ Willard, C., Nguyen, H.T., and Schmid, C.W. 1987 . Existence of at least three distinct Alu subfamilies. J. Mol. Biol. 26 : 180 -186. WEB SITE REFERENCES ↵ http...
  8. ..., the events present only in the HuRef or present in all five human samples may still be polymorphic among human populations. To further assess the human genomic diversity associated with polymorphic insertions, we tested 50 confirmed Alu insertions on a population panel composed of 15 European individuals...
  9. ....M. , Smith M.T. , Bilsborough A. ( 1993 ) Amerindians and the price of modernization. in Urban ecology and health in the third world , eds Schell L.M. , Smith M.T. , Bilsborough A. ( Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, UK ), pp 221 – 243 . Alu Insertion Polymorphisms and Human Evolution: Evidence...
  10. ...-chromosome (5 short-tandem repeats [STRs] and 20 biallelic polymorphisms), and autosomal (1 LINE-1 and 39 Alu inserts) variation in ∼265 males from eight different Telugu-speaking caste populations from the state of Andhra Pradesh in South India ( Bamshad et al. 1998 ). Comparisons were made to ∼400 individuals...
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