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  1. ...likely from a duplication and divergence mechanism; that is, if rapidly evolving members of large superfamilies diverge beyond a certain level, they will appear as a new gene family. Note that there are also duplications within orthogroups that give rise to multiple paralogs. These duplicates...
  2. ...coding indels are size multiples of 3, preserving the reading frame. Most noncoding indels are size multiples of 2, reflecting the abundance of poly(AT) repeats in noncoding regions. (B) Amino acids inserted and deleted (relative to the 3D7 reference ). (C) Indel diversity in intergenic regions relative...
  3. ..., and noncoding variants (3) in RNF212B for 1/7 QTL. This suggests that this RNF212 paralog might also be involved in recombination. Most of the identified mutations had significant effects in both sexes, with three of them each accounting for ∼10% of the genetic variance in males. Footnotes...
  4. ...pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Cheung et al. 2023). We mapped FLNC reads to both haplotypes of the respective species of origin assemblies, allowing only high-quality mappings and tracking all best map assignments versus multiple mappings among the paralogous copies for each species (Methods) (Fig. 4A...
  5. .... Zebrafish have multiple orthologs of mammalian TF genes owing to the additional whole and other small duplications during teleost evolution. Where present, a, b, and c paralogs are depicted. (∗) Although the enriched motif is FOXA2:EBOX FPKM, heatmap indicates FOXA2 expression alone. Riley et al. 8 Genome...
  6. ...45S rDNA loci and all 5S rDNA genes to evaluate a possible intragenomic variation. 45S rDNA loci identified from contig 16 to contig 29 are highly homogenized, without any insertions or deletions and only seven positions harboring variants unique or shared across paralog copies (Fig. 2D). Instead...
  7. ..., and inverted translocation/duplication, whereas small-scale variations included SNPs, tandem duplications, copy number gains or losses, and insertions and deletions (indels) (Goel et al. 2019). Notably, although both small and large indels were characterized (see Methods), those <100 bp predominated between...
  8. ...are major components of many eukaryotic s (Richard et al. 2008) and play vital roles in both biology (Gemayel et al. 2010; Hannan 2012) and disease (Hannan 2018). Loci encoding components of important cellular processes are sometimes present in multiple copies and are often clustered in tandem, including...
  9. .... Genome Res (this issue) 35: 810–823. doi:10.1101/gr.279491.124 ↵Vervoort L, Dierckxsens N, Sousa Santos M, Meynants S, Souche E, Cools R, Heung T, Devriendt K, Peeters H, McDonald-McGinn DM, et al. 2025. Multiple paralogs and recombination mechanisms contribute to the high incidence of 22q11.2 deletion...
  10. ...) in concert with adaptive sampling. In particular, the expansion and contraction of the primate DRB-region appear to be a dynamic process that involves the rearrangement of different cassettes of paralogous genes. These chromosomal recombination events are propagated by a conserved pseudogene, DRB6, which...
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