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  1. ...Corresponding authors: kitao.z7deb13@gmail.com, so@tokai.ac.jpAbstractTransposons, occasionally domesticated as novel host protein-coding genes, are responsible for the lineage-specific functions in vertebrates. LINE-1 (L1) is one of the most active transposons in the vertebrate s. Despite its abundance, few...
  2. ...in red, SINE insertions in green, and a large LINE-1 insert in blue. The conserved 3′ UTR region is framed. (B) CAG trinucleotide density in MTD-driven transcripts in mice, rat, and hamster. Each CAG is represented by a vertical line. The widening depicts the coding sequence; the initiation codon...
  3. ...,081,810–67,793,011 bp, and chromosome 6 from 45,166,074–45,806,126 bp. These regions totaled 5.6 Mb, but after removing repetitive regions, the total length captured was ;3.5 Mb. The baits were 120 bp long, and the average bait coverage of each base in the target region was 23. We avoided standard repeat masked regions...
  4. .... 2006; Girard et al. 2006; Grivna et al. 2006a; Lau et al. 2006; Watanabe et al. 2006), their role in retrotransposon silencing is less clear. A partial deletion of a pachytene piRNA cluster, however, was reported to result in increased expression of LINE-1 ORF1 proteins (Xu et al. 2008). A more recent...
  5. ...kinkable DNA sites. Such sites may represent focal points for recombination. Thus, shuffling by Alu -mediated rearrangements has contributed to architecture during primate evolution. Segmental duplications, or low-copy repeats (LCRs) of >95% sequence identity, cluster within different chromosome regions...
  6. ...demonstrated a role of interspersed repeats (such as LINE1 and Alu ) in generating SDs (Figs. 2A and 3 ). It is notable that the human SPANX-B gene contains a specific 18-bp insertion in the exon 1 sequence. We found that SPANX-B of African Great Apes lacks a 18-bp insertion ( Fig. 2B ; Supplemental Fig. 6S...
  7. ...). Furthermore, there was minimal variation among the 100 assemblies in interspersed repeat content.Among the youngest polymorphic interspersed repeats that are too long to resolve with short reads (Chaisson et al. 2019), LINE-1s (∼6000 bp) are the only types that are actively expanding in the human . We found...
  8. ...bp were merged with BEDTools merge (v2.30.0) (Quinlan and Hall 2010), a 200-bp flank was added to all merged regions, and SVs were intersected with both TRF and RMSK. Insertions were marked as TRs if their insertion point was within a padded repeat region. Deletions were marked as TRs if either...
  9. ...) a “hodgepodge” of repeats, ( vi ) segmental duplications, and ( vii ) LINE-1 elements. The diagram is not to scale. Six breakpoints contained larger insertion sequences ranging from >1 kbp up to 20 kbp in length ( Table 1 ; Supplemental File 1). Three of these corresponded to LINE elements (one case...
  10. ...mitochondrial ( numt ) sequences, micro-RNAs, and evolutionary breakpoints that suggest historic balancing of translocation and inversion incidences in distinct mammalian lineages. Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), deletion insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), and short tandem repeats (STRs...
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