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Method: Gene duplication is associated with gene diversification and potential neofunctionalization in lung cancer evolution
- Paul Ashford,
- Alexander M. Frankell,
- Zofia Piszka,
- Camilla S.M. Pang,
- Mahnaz Abbasian,
- Maise Al Bakir,
- Mariam Jamal-Hanjani,
- Nicholas McGranahan,
- Charles Swanton,
- and Christine A. Orengo
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 561-577; Published in Advance February 19, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.278663.123
...of lung tumor evolution. A summary of FIEs in diverse families, highlighting supporting evidence, is given in Supplemental Table 5, with case studies highlighted in Figure 4. Positive CES indicated selection of specific FIEs in these functionally diverse families, including those in genes discussed...
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Research: Degrees of convergent evolution in rodent adaptations to arid environments
- Domitille Chalopin,
- Carine Rey,
- Jeremy Ganofsky,
- Juliana Blin,
- Pascale Chevret,
- Marion Mouginot,
- Laurent Guéguen,
- Bastien Boussau,
- Sophie Pantalacci,
- and Marie Sémon
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 472-486; Published in Advance January 21, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280089.124
...and the family Murinae. We traced signals in kidney transcriptomes at different levels: whole-transcriptome variation, sets of covarying genes, individual gene expression levels. We also tested the influence of cell composition, which has a profound impact on transcriptomic variation (Pantalacci et al. 2017...
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Review: A systematic guide for identifying transcription factors that directly regulate the expression of a gene of interest
- Andrew D. Bates,
- Dawid Grzela,
- Maciej Studzian,
- Louise Brennan,
- Moli Williams,
- Conor Fawcett,
- Beth Hammond,
- Manreen Grewal,
- Marcin Ratajewski,
- Lukasz Pulaski,
- and Urszula L. McClurg
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 433-459; Published in Advance February 17, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.281154.125
...relevance, integrating the origin of DNA and protein elements (cis and trans) to evaluate false-positive and false-negative risks across experimental systems. Moreover, we explore how perturbation strategies—gain and loss of function—can complement steady-state profiling to establish causality in gene...
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Research: Large-scale investigation of species-specific orphan genes in the human gut microbiome elucidates their evolutionary origins
- Nikolaos Vakirlis and
- Anne Kupczok
Genome Res. June 2024 34: 888-903; Published in Advance July 8, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.278977.124
...constraints (Kirchberger et al. 2020). Nevertheless, there is recent support for de novo gene origination in prokaryotes: An analysis of taxonomically restricted genes from the genus Bacillus could identify homologous, noncoding regions in a of another genus for almost one-third of them, supporting abundant...
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Research: Variation in the fitness impact of translationally optimal codons among animals
- Florian Bénitière,
- Tristan Lefébure,
- and Laurent Duret
Genome Res. March 2025 35: 446-458; Published in Advance February 10, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.279837.124
...to the gene expression level. First, the higher the expression level of a given gene, the stronger the impact of its translation speed on the pool of free ribosomes. Second, for a given mistranslation rate, the cost of erroneous protein production (in terms of waste of resources and of direct toxic effect...
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Method: Recalibrating differential gene expression by genetic dosage variance prioritizes functionally relevant genes
- Philipp Rentzsch,
- Aaron Kollotzek,
- Kaushik Ram Ganapathy,
- Pejman Mohammadi,
- and Tuuli Lappalainen
Genome Res. October 2025 35: 2316-2325; Published in Advance September 17, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280360.124
...genes because different genes have different levels of dosage constraint (Rice and McLysaght 2017). This means that a measured change in expression in one gene may be comparable to biological noise and may fall within the spectrum of natural variation in the population. However, a deviation of the same...
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Research: The role of transposon activity in shaping cis-regulatory element evolution after whole-genome duplication
- Øystein Monsen,
- Lars Grønvold,
- Alex Datsomor,
- Thomas Harvey,
- James Kijas,
- Alexander Suh,
- Torgeir R. Hvidsten,
- and Simen Rød Sandve
Genome Res. March 2025 35: 475-488; Published in Advance February 12, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.278931.124
...are therefore likely to impact evolution of gene regulation. Yet, the role of TEs in regulatory evolution after WGDs is not well understood. Here we used Atlantic salmon as a model system to explore how TE activity after the salmonid WGD ∼100 MYA shaped CRE evolution. We identified 55,080 putative TE-CREs using...
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Research: GC-biased gene conversion drives accelerated evolution of ultraconserved elements in mammalian and avian genomes
- Anguo Liu,
- Nini Wang,
- Guoxiang Xie,
- Yang Li,
- Xixi Yan,
- Xinmei Li,
- Zhenliang Zhu,
- Zhuohui Li,
- Jing Yang,
- Fanxin Meng,
- Mingle Dou,
- Weihuang Chen,
- Nange Ma,
- Yu Jiang,
- Yuanpeng Gao,
- and Yu Wang
Genome Res. October 2023 33: 1673-1689; Published in Advance October 26, 2023, doi:10.1101/gr.277784.123
...GC-biased gene conversion drives accelerated evolution of ultraconserved elements in mammalian and avian s Anguo Liu1,2,7, Nini Wang1,3,7, Guoxiang Xie1,2,7, Yang Li1,2, Xixi Yan1,2, Xinmei Li1,2, Zhenliang Zhu2,4,5, Zhuohui Li1,2, Jing Yang2,4,5, Fanxin Meng1, Mingle Dou1,2, Weihuang Chen1, Nange...
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Research: Evidence for compensatory evolution within pleiotropic regulatory elements
- Zane Kliesmete,
- Peter Orchard,
- Victor Yan Kin Lee,
- Johanna Geuder,
- Simon M. Krauß,
- Mari Ohnuki,
- Jessica Jocher,
- Beate Vieth,
- Wolfgang Enard,
- and Ines Hellmann
Genome Res. October 2024 34: 1528-1539; Published in Advance September 10, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.279001.124
...that pleiotropic genes tend to be more conserved than tissue-specific genes (Hastings 1996; Duret and Mouchiroud 2000; Zhang and Li 2004). Moreover, the amount of sequence constraint associated with expression in a given tissue can vary considerably: Genes expressed in the brain tend to be more conserved than...
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Research: Analysis of canine gene constraint identifies new variants for orofacial clefts and stature
- Reuben M. Buckley,
- Nüket Bilgen,
- Alexander C. Harris,
- Peter Savolainen,
- Cafer Tepeli,
- Metin Erdoğan,
- Aitor Serres Armero,
- Dayna L. Dreger,
- Frank G. van Steenbeek,
- Marjo K. Hytönen,
- Heidi G. Parker,
- Jessica Hale,
- Hannes Lohi,
- Bengi Çınar Kul,
- Adam R. Boyko,
- and Elaine A. Ostrander
Genome Res. May 2025 35: 1080-1093; Published in Advance March 24, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280092.124
...and sufficiently defined. In this study, we explore how gene constraint can be used to identify variants with potential to impact phenotypes as trait-associated candidates, later determining association by investigating breed traits and characteristics of dogs carrying these alleles. Because variants are first...
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