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Mini-Review: Evolution of genome-wide methylation profiling technologies
- Carolina Montano and
- Winston Timp
Genome Res. April 2025 35: 572-582; doi:10.1101/gr.278407.123
....Cytosine methylation plays a critical role in genomic imprinting, gene regulation, X-Chromosome inactivation (XCI), cellular differentiation, aging, and tumorigenesis. Cells have an extensive system of proteins that establish these methylation patterns through de novo methylation or demethylation, copy methylation...
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Research: Birth of protein-coding exons by ancient domestication of LINE-1 retrotransposon
- Koichi Kitao,
- Kenji Ichiyanagi,
- and So Nakagawa
Genome Res. June 2025 35: 1287-1300; Published in Advance May 8, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280007.124
.... 2022; Ishino et al. 2023). PNMA2 is expressed in neurons, and its capsid structure is implicated in autoimmune diseases (Xu et al. 2024).Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), derived from retroviruses and classified as LTR retrotransposons, contain an env gene in addition to gag and pol genes. The syncytin...
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Research: Transposable elements contribute to the evolution of host shift–related genes in cactophilic Drosophila species
- Daniel Siqueira de Oliveira,
- Anaïs Larue,
- William Vilas Boas Nunes,
- Francois Sabot,
- Alejandra Bodelón,
- María Pilar García Guerreiro,
- Cristina Vieira,
- and Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 487-505; Published in Advance February 10, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280463.125
...different preferences. Transposable elements are a source of genetic novelty between populations and species, driving rapid adaptive evolution. However, the extent of TEs’ contribution to host shift remains unexplored. Here, we perform genomic and transcriptomic analyses in six s of cactophilic species...
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Research: Stable genome structures in living fossil fishes
- Cheng Wang,
- Chase D. Brownstein,
- Wenjun Chen,
- Zufa Ding,
- Dan Yu,
- Yu Deng,
- Chenguang Feng,
- Thomas J. Near,
- Shunping He,
- and Liandong Yang
Genome Res. February 2026 36: 318-329; Published in Advance January 13, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280800.125
...and genomic features of gars, (2) assess the conservation of gars in comparison with other vertebrates, (3) examine the rates of chromosome rearrangement and repeat evolution in gars relative to other vertebrates, and (4) determine whether there has been ancient gene flow among gar species based...
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Research: The role of transposon activity in shaping cis-regulatory element evolution after whole-genome duplication
- Øystein Monsen,
- Lars Grønvold,
- Alex Datsomor,
- Thomas Harvey,
- James Kijas,
- Alexander Suh,
- Torgeir R. Hvidsten,
- and Simen Rød Sandve
Genome Res. March 2025 35: 475-488; Published in Advance February 12, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.278931.124
...pressures on TEs with distinct regulatory roles.Genome evolution through TE activity is also likely influenced by WGDs. Because WGDs result in cellular stress, TEs can escape host-silencing mechanisms following WGDs. This is supported by both experimental (Kashkush et al. 2002, 2003; Kraitshtein et al. 2010...
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Research: KRAB zinc-finger proteins regulate endogenous retroviruses to sculpt germline transcriptomes and genome evolution
- Kai Otsuka,
- Akihiko Sakashita,
- So Maezawa,
- Richard M. Schultz,
- and Satoshi H. Namekawa
Genome Res. March 2025 35: 417-431; Published in Advance March 12, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.279924.124
...). These cases of retrotransposition coincide with the timing of the dynamic changes in expression of KZFP and retrotransposons reported here. Therefore, extensive genomic evolution may be driven in part by MSCI during the transition from mitotic SGs to meiotic spermatocytes when extensive epigenetic programming...
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Research: Dynamic evolution of satellite DNAs drastically differentiates the genomes of Tribolium sibling species
- Damira Veseljak,
- Evelin Despot-Slade,
- Marin Volarić,
- Lucija Horvat,
- Tanja Vojvoda Zeljko,
- Nevenka Meštrović,
- and Brankica Mravinac
Genome Res. November 2025 35: 2445-2460; Published in Advance September 16, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280516.125
..., highlighting transposition as a mechanism of their spreading. The dynamic evolution of satDNAs has clearly influenced the differentiation of Tribolium s, but the question remains whether the differences in their satDNA profiles are a cause or consequence of speciation.Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are highly...
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Method: Gene duplication is associated with gene diversification and potential neofunctionalization in lung cancer evolution
- Paul Ashford,
- Alexander M. Frankell,
- Zofia Piszka,
- Camilla S.M. Pang,
- Mahnaz Abbasian,
- Maise Al Bakir,
- Mariam Jamal-Hanjani,
- Nicholas McGranahan,
- Charles Swanton,
- and Christine A. Orengo
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 561-577; Published in Advance February 19, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.278663.123
...6BT, United Kingdom; 2Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; 3Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom; 4University College London Cancer...
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Research: Suv39h-catalyzed H3K9me3 is critical for euchromatic genome organization and the maintenance of gene transcription
- Christine R. Keenan,
- Hannah D. Coughlan,
- Nadia Iannarella,
- Andres Tapia del Fierro,
- Andrew Keniry,
- Timothy M. Johanson,
- Wing Fuk Chan,
- Alexandra L. Garnham,
- Lachlan W. Whitehead,
- Marnie E. Blewitt,
- Gordon K. Smyth,
- and Rhys S. Allan
Genome Res. April 2024 34: 556-571; Published in Advance May 6, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.279119.124
...Suv39h-catalyzed H3K9me3 is critical for euchromatic organization and the maintenance of gene transcription Christine R. Keenan1,2,4,6, Hannah D. Coughlan1,2,4, Nadia Iannarella1, Andres Tapia del Fierro1,2, Andrew Keniry1,2, Timothy M. Johanson1,2, Wing Fuk Chan1,2,7, Alexandra L. Garnham1...
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Research: Degrees of convergent evolution in rodent adaptations to arid environments
- Domitille Chalopin,
- Carine Rey,
- Jeremy Ganofsky,
- Juliana Blin,
- Pascale Chevret,
- Marion Mouginot,
- Laurent Guéguen,
- Bastien Boussau,
- Sophie Pantalacci,
- and Marie Sémon
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 472-486; Published in Advance January 21, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280089.124
...and the amount of genomic convergence. To our knowledge, we so far lacked study designs that could quantify genomic convergence accounting for both species relatedness and age of transition.Rodentia is the most diversified order of mammals with living representatives spanning 70 million years (MY) of evolution...
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