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  1. ...purifying natural selection to maintain the integrity of the loop (Radke et al. 2021). We examined this hypothesis in our PanGenie data set to assess whether deletions have a depletion effect on the loop anchor loci. We thus intersected all the deletions from the PanGenie genotyped SV calls with our...
  2. ...of the genetic regulatory landscape.The tissue-specific causal regulatory effects of ABCG2 on duck eggshell colorOur GWAS analysis identified four independent loci located on Chromosome 4 (Chr 4) associated with duck eggshell reflectance in the current population, including the previously reported causal gene...
  3. ...also detected pleiotropic effects of these adaptations on a wide range of morphological traits, which appear to have been mitigated by compensatory mutations at other loci. These results suggest that cis-regulatory adaptation can occur at the level of physically interacting modules and that one...
  4. ...homologous recombination, which produces more deletions than duplications (Turner et al. 2008).SV cluster and SV desert regions were identified among the cattle populations. A significant underrepresentation of SVs in genic regions and regulatory elements was found, implying negative selection against SV...
  5. ..., in particular, full-length elements carry signatures of purifying selection indicating effective removal by the host. Consistent with reactivation upon hybridization, the number of full-length LTR retrotransposons, varying extensively from zero to 87 among strains, significantly increases with the degree...
  6. ...in nature. This suggests that loci identified by RNAi would experience stronger purifying selection than other loci, because most non-neutral mutations are deleterious ( Kimura 1983 ), consistent with our finding that loci exhibiting an RNAi phenotype in C. elegans have a lower K A ( Fig. 1 ). Expression...
  7. ...species. Signals of positive selection in individual ribosomal proteins have been previously detected in different organisms (Yednock and Neigel 2014). We here show in a systematic manner that adaptation might in many cases happen at fundamental gene regulatory levels rather than in very specific...
  8. ...that are consistent with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. (A) Proportions of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with a rejected substitution (RS) score greater than 3 in coding and noncoding regions (Goode et al. 2010). A lower degree of genetic variation is permitted by purifying selection in functionally...
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