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  1. ...G dinucleotides, as experimental evidence supports the longterm survival of methylated cytosines (5mC) in aDNA fragments (Briggs et al. 2010; Llamas et al. 2012). Genome-wide methylationmaps of the human have already been reconstructed using high-throughput sequencing in combination with a variety of approaches...
  2. ...Enredo and Pecan: Genome-wide mammalian consistency-based multiple alignment with paralogs Benedict Paten 1 , 3 , 4 , Javier Herrero 2 , 3 , Kathryn Beal 2 , Stephen Fitzgerald 2 , and Ewan Birney 2 , 4 1 Center...
  3. ...or absence of a nucleotide is much higher than confidence in which base pair existed in an ancestor (Supplemental Fig. 4b). This is not surprising given that these are reconstructions across diverse mammalian species and that parts of the alignment are problematic due to low conservation and/or alignment...
  4. ...Impact of replication timing on non-CpG and CpG substitution rates in mammalian genomes Chun-Long Chen 1 , Aurélien Rappailles 2 , Lauranne Duquenne 1 , 6 , Maxime Huvet 1 , 7 , Guillaume Guilbaud 2 , Laurent Farinelli 3...
  5. ...predicted ancestral run of segments a “contiguous ancestral region,” abbreviated CAR. We found 29 CARs in total from the data we used (see Fig. 4 and Table 2 ). If we add the human sequence between conserved segments that are adjacent in both human and the ancestor (since a nucleotide-level reconstruction...
  6. ...detects thousands of template switch events during the evolution of human and chimp from their common ancestor and hundreds of events between two independently sequenced human s. Although many of these are consistent with a template switch mechanism previously proposed for bacteria, our model also...
  7. ...machinery. Genome-wide, the intensity of gBGC is in the nearly neutral area. However, given that recombination occurs primarily within recombination hotspots, 1%–2% of the human is subject to strong gBGC. On average, gBGC is stronger in African than in non-African populations, reflecting differences...
  8. .... intestinalis . Sensitive nucleotide-level alignments between these two species were previously generated using a combination of global and local (glocal) alignment ( Brudno et al. 2007 ). To enrich for high-quality and putatively orthologous alignments, only reciprocal best alignments were used in our analyses...
  9. ...sequence divergence than the genome-wide average, consistent with the rapid evolution of sex-specific proteins. Cis -regulatory sequences are more conserved than random and nearby sequences between the species—but the difference is slight, suggesting that the evolution of cis -regulatory elements...
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