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  1. ...on the positive strand; dashed lines, the expression levels on the negative strand. For that, we mapped the expression levels of the genes to the corresponding strand using the FlyBase annotation (see Methods) (dos Santos et al. 2015).Looking into the poly(A) RNA levels, in both embryonic and neuronal cells, we...
  2. ...along the DNA's right-handed axis. Either owing to drag force or owing to immobilization inside of transcription factories (Papantonis et al. 2010), Pol II cannot rotate freely, causing the DNA molecule to rotate instead, thereby generating torsional stress (Liu and Wang 1987). In this theory, called...
  3. .... melanogaster sequences in Repbase (Jurka et al. 2005). The remaining sequences that did not align to any of the databases above were then aligned to the D. melanogaster (BDGP5) and known transcriptome (FlyBase v5.57) using STAR v2.4.0e (Dobin et al. 2013). Libraries with fewer than 5 million reads uniquely...
  4. ...for batch effect in these analyses because of the absence of a factorial two-way nonparametric test. Embryos differed in os-piRNA expression from oocytes and zygotes, and in conventional piRNA expression from oocytes (FDR < 0.05), whereas for miRNAs the expression difference between oocytes and embryos...
  5. ...that transcription proceeds in “factories” (Rieder et al. 2012). It is possible that multiple active genes coalesce into compact structures where transcription is most efficient. However, it still remains to be determined whether the contacts activating the reporters are pairwise or involve multiple genes...
  6. ...the cell population, these hubs of regulatory regions might serve as a reservoir of factors to facilitate transcription in a permissive environment. They may correspond to specialized transcription factories (Xu and Cook 2008) or to active hubs previously described for other steroid receptors (Hakim et al...
  7. .... A similar question arises from 3C-based assays, where any genomic locus that exhibits interactions with two or more other regions in ensemble measurements could, in principle, result from locus X interacting in a cluster (e.g., a “transcription factory”) with both locus Y and Z in the same cell...
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  8. ....g., TRIM-NHL proteins like mouse TRIM32 and fly Brat and Mei-P26) regulate the self-renewal of tissue-specific SCs (TSCs) (Neumuller et al. 2008; Hammell et al. 2009; Schwamborn et al. 2009). Loss of DICER1 or Drosha (also known as RNASEN), enzymes essential for miRNA biogenesis, affects the proliferation...
  9. .... Unexpectedly, we uncovered examples of clustered mirtrons in both fly and worm genomes, including a <8-kb region in C. elegans harboring eight distinct mirtrons. Altogether, we demonstrate that discovery of functional mirtrons, unlike canonical miRNAs, is amenable to computational methods independent...
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