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  1. ...that these arrays are embedded in conserved genomic regions, with >90% similarity in the 10-kb flanking regions (Supplemental Fig. S15). However, the PCA showed species-specific clustering of repeats (Fig. 6A), suggesting that the ∼40-kb array was present in the common ancestor but diverged through gene conversion...
  2. ...is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml ). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described...
  3. ...to retain the ability to amplify autonomously, as several of the arrays consist of only one variant. However, three or four adjacent repeats have been treated as a single unit in several of the arrays, as described. Single-base-pair deviations from the consensus are common, but more drastic alterations...
  4. ...of monomers arranged in a pentameric fashion with corresponding monomers in the same order, suggesting that they diverged from a common ancestor upon a duplication or deletion event. Unlike other higher-order arrays on the same chromosome ( Choo et al. 1990 ; Alexandrov et al. 1991 ; Wevrick and Willard 1991...
  5. ...and single-molecule counting using isothermal rolling-circle amplification. Nat. Genet. 19 : 225 – 232 . ↵ Lo A.W. , Liao G.C. , Rocchi M. , Choo K.H. ( 1999 ) Extreme reduction of chromosome-specific alpha-satellite array is unusually common in human chromosome 21. Genome Res. 9 : 895 – 908 . ↵ Lorber B...
  6. ...in the most centromeric 1.5 Mb of sequence ( Bailey et al. 2002 ). Many of the intrachromosomal duplications in pericentromeric regions are members of chromosome-specific low copy repeat families (LCRs), some of which are responsible for common microdeletion/duplication syndromes (for review, see Stankiewicz...
  7. ...). There was no detectable difference with the transcriptional level of the various chromosome-specific α-satellite repeat species analyzed, further indicating that RNA polymerase I was unlikely to be directly involved in the regulation of α-satellite RNA transcription. These data therefore show that the transcription of α-satellite...
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  8. ...in 1916 in insect speciation (Robertson 1916). Robertsonian translocations could occur among nonhomologous chromosomes (e.g., Chromosomes 14 and 21) or among homologous chromosomes (between, e.g., Chromosomes 21). Robertsonian translocations are among the most common chromosomal rearrangements in humans...
  9. ...of repeated elements, the most common being the Sultan element, present in 31 out of the 34 chromosome extremities in a haploid strain, arranged in tandem repeats of up to 46 elements (Supplemental Fig. S1A). The basic Sultan element has a length of ∼850 bp and forms class A subtelomeres. The Sultan element...
  10. ..., Rocchi M, Choo KH. 1999. Extreme reduction of chromosome-specific α-satellite array is unusually common in human chromosome 21. Genome Res 9: 895–908. Looijenga LH, Oosterhuis JW, Smit VT, Wessels JW, Mollevanger P, Devilee P. 1992. α Satellite DNAs on chromosome 10 and 12 are both members of the dimeric...
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