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Research: Degrees of convergent evolution in rodent adaptations to arid environments
- Domitille Chalopin,
- Carine Rey,
- Jeremy Ganofsky,
- Juliana Blin,
- Pascale Chevret,
- Marion Mouginot,
- Laurent Guéguen,
- Bastien Boussau,
- Sophie Pantalacci,
- and Marie Sémon
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 472-486; Published in Advance January 21, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280089.124
...on this analysis because the pairs are not phylogenetically independent.We observed more variation between kidney transcriptomes of arid species compared with mesic species. This is explained if adaptation to aridity drives kidney diversification and/or drives faster genomic evolution, but mesic species tend...
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Research: Transposable elements contribute to the evolution of host shift–related genes in cactophilic Drosophila species
- Daniel Siqueira de Oliveira,
- Anaïs Larue,
- William Vilas Boas Nunes,
- Francois Sabot,
- Alejandra Bodelón,
- María Pilar García Guerreiro,
- Cristina Vieira,
- and Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 487-505; Published in Advance February 10, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280463.125
...different preferences. Transposable elements are a source of genetic novelty between populations and species, driving rapid adaptive evolution. However, the extent of TEs’ contribution to host shift remains unexplored. Here, we perform genomic and transcriptomic analyses in six s of cactophilic species...
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Method: Gene duplication is associated with gene diversification and potential neofunctionalization in lung cancer evolution
- Paul Ashford,
- Alexander M. Frankell,
- Zofia Piszka,
- Camilla S.M. Pang,
- Mahnaz Abbasian,
- Maise Al Bakir,
- Mariam Jamal-Hanjani,
- Nicholas McGranahan,
- Charles Swanton,
- and Christine A. Orengo
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 561-577; Published in Advance February 19, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.278663.123
...6BT, United Kingdom; 2Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom; 3Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom; 4University College London Cancer...
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Research: Genomic regulatory landscape underlying the antiviral response of Atlantic salmon
- Shahmir Naseer,
- Thomas C Clark,
- Bertrand Collet,
- Pooran Dewari,
- Damir Baranasic,
- Daniel J Macqueen,
- Pierre Boudinot,
- and Samuel A.M. Martin
Genome Res. October 22, 2025 gr.280579.125; Published in Advance October 22, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280579.125
...-seq peaks detected in treated fish (53,102 ± 6,142) 154 compared to PBS controls (39,869 ± 11,858). These accessible regions were distributed 155 across promoter-TSS (10%), exonic (13%), intronic (45%), and intergenic (26%) features of 156 the (Supplementary Figure 2A). To illustrate the data quality...
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Research: Pangenome analysis reveals families of ubiquitin-ligase adaptors as key genomic divergence drivers that lead to hybrid incompatibility
- Dongying Xie,
- Pohao Ye,
- Yiming Ma,
- and Zhongying Zhao
Genome Res. March 2026 36: 506-521; Published in Advance February 17, 2026, doi:10.1101/gr.280885.125
.... briggsae strains and nine C. nigoni strains, including both reference strains. Through comparative pan-genomic analyses of both nematode species, we aim to identify the critical structural and genetic variations that drive intra- and interspecific evolution, ultimately leading to speciation...
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Research: Dynamic evolution of satellite DNAs drastically differentiates the genomes of Tribolium sibling species
- Damira Veseljak,
- Evelin Despot-Slade,
- Marin Volarić,
- Lucija Horvat,
- Tanja Vojvoda Zeljko,
- Nevenka Meštrović,
- and Brankica Mravinac
Genome Res. November 2025 35: 2445-2460; Published in Advance September 16, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280516.125
...that these arrays are embedded in conserved genomic regions, with >90% similarity in the 10-kb flanking regions (Supplemental Fig. S15). However, the PCA showed species-specific clustering of repeats (Fig. 6A), suggesting that the ∼40-kb array was present in the common ancestor but diverged through gene conversion...
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Research: Long-read genomics reveal extensive nuclear-specific evolution and allele-specific expression in a dikaryotic fungus
- Rita Tam,
- Mareike Möller,
- Runpeng Luo,
- Zhenyan Luo,
- Ashley Jones,
- Sambasivam Periyannan,
- John P. Rathjen,
- and Benjamin Schwessinger
Genome Res. June 2025 35: 1364-1376; Published in Advance April 11, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.280359.124
...-C heatmap based on the strong inter-chromosomal contact peaks (“bowtie” shapes) caused by Rabl centromere clustering (Fig. 1B; Varoquaux et al. 2015; Muller et al. 2019). These interaction sites were enriched for TEs and overlapped with gene-sparse regions spanning hundreds of kilobases (Figs. 1A, 2A...
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Research: Evidence for compensatory evolution within pleiotropic regulatory elements
- Zane Kliesmete,
- Peter Orchard,
- Victor Yan Kin Lee,
- Johanna Geuder,
- Simon M. Krauß,
- Mari Ohnuki,
- Jessica Jocher,
- Beate Vieth,
- Wolfgang Enard,
- and Ines Hellmann
Genome Res. October 2024 34: 1528-1539; Published in Advance September 10, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.279001.124
...). These observations imply that a simple model of purifying selection alone is insufficient to explain the effect of pleiotropy on CRE evolution and suggest a role for compensatory evolution.Zooming into tissue effects, in line with previous investigations on brain evolution (Kuma et al. 1995; Wang et al. 2007...
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Research: The role of transposon activity in shaping cis-regulatory element evolution after whole-genome duplication
- Øystein Monsen,
- Lars Grønvold,
- Alex Datsomor,
- Thomas Harvey,
- James Kijas,
- Alexander Suh,
- Torgeir R. Hvidsten,
- and Simen Rød Sandve
Genome Res. March 2025 35: 475-488; Published in Advance February 12, 2025, doi:10.1101/gr.278931.124
...been most effective at evading silencing during salmonid evolution are likely the CRE superspreaders, yet these TE-CREs do not have a “younger” age profile compared with TE-CREs from nonsuperspreaders (Fig. 4A). Additionally, our results show that TE insertions from historically highly active DTT...
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Research: Rapid evolution of piRNA clusters in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary
- Satyam P. Srivastav,
- Cédric Feschotte,
- and Andrew G. Clark
Genome Res. May 2024 34: 711-724; Published in Advance May 15, 2024, doi:10.1101/gr.278062.123
...transposable element (TE) activity in the animal germline via a specialized class of small RNAs called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs are produced from discrete genomic regions called piRNA clusters (piCs). Although the molecular processes by which piCs function are relatively well understood...

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