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  1. ...Mutational and Selective Pressures on Codon and Amino Acid Usage in Buchnera , Endosymbiotic Bacteria of Aphids Claude Rispe 1 , 6 , François Delmotte 2 , 3 , Roeland C.H.J. van Ham 4 , 5 , and Andres Moya 2 1 UMR BIO3P...
  2. ...selected to create a large amount of protein per transcript, and that these genes tend to be involved in core developmental processes. Consistent with this idea, cell-essential genes exhibit lower 3′ UTR GC content than nonessential genes independently of their sequence conservation. Other classes of genes...
  3. ...breakpoints coincide with Drosophila TAD boundariesConservation of a considerable fraction of TADs between two distantly related Drosophila species prompted us to investigate whether TADs are evolutionarily constrained. To this end, we identified 1061 rearrangement breakpoints between D. melanogaster and D...
  4. ...biosynthesis pathway is evolutionarily conserved among various lineages including yeast, nematodes, and mammals (Fig. 4A; Kanehisa and Goto 2000). Importantly, partial loss-of-function mutations on the human gene encoding the enzyme ADSL cause ADSL deficiency, a rare Mendelian disease with mental retardation...
  5. ...of years ago (Stein et al. 2003; Cho et al. 2004; Hillier et al. 2007; Cutter 2008). We repeated the analysis in these species and observed similar phenomena (Fig. 1B–D). This indicates that the enhanced translational efficiencies in SL1 trans-spliced genes are evolutionarily conserved. We further...
  6. ...by a considerable probability of simultaneously being evolutionarily conserved and essential, an observation that does not have an equivalent for nonessential proteins. Providing a thorough assessment of the impact noisy and incomplete data have on our findings, we conclude that our results are largely insensitive...
  7. ...reflect fitness (Coyne and Orr 1998), in effect ET and evolutionary gradient are equivalent concepts and we may choose ET ranks to approximate @f/@ri (Fig. 1B). A frequent and simpler measure of evolutionary importance is residue conservation (Livingstone and Barton 1993; Pei and Grishin 2001; Valdar 2002...
  8. ...from protein sequences. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 8 : 275 -282. ↵ Jordan, I.K., Rogozin, I.B., Wolf, Y.I., and Koonin, E.V. 2002 . Essential genes are more evolutionarily conserved than are nonessential genes in bacteria. Genome Res. 12 : 962 -968. ↵ Jordan, I.K., Wolf, Y.I., and Koonin, E.V. 2003...
  9. ...and rate of evolution . Nature 411 : 1046 – 1049 . ↵ Hurst, L.D. , Smith, N.G. ( 1999 ) Do essential genes evolve slowly? Curr. Biol. 9 : 747 – 750 . ↵ Jordan, I.K. , Rogozin, I.B. , Wolf, Y.I. , Koonin, E.V. ( 2002 ) Essential genes are more evolutionarily conserved than are nonessential genes in bacteria...
  10. ...essential genes in the vast majority of pathogens, we must look beyond direct experimental methods. Early comparative genomics approaches involved comparing multiple s to find a core conserved minimal and labeling its component genes essential ( Mushegian and Koonin 1996 ; Arigoni et al. 1998 ; Bruccoleri...
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