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  1. ..., and sequence context of the proximal and distal paralogs indicate that they may have been duplicated independently. To confirm this, we performed pairwise and multiple alignments between paralogs (Fig. 3 ; Table 2 ). The functional KIAA0187 gene shares 94.43% to 96.02% similarity to the distal paralogs (Table...
  2. ....05) (Supplemental Table S6) associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, a classical pathway related to morphology (Parr and McMahon 1994; Martin et al. 2012). We found several large-effect genes under strong positive selection, including ABCCs and HERC2 (Supplemental Table S5). These genes were well documented...
  3. ...of duplications of a huge gene, HERC2 , although multiple rearrangements within the derived duplicons have occurred during evolution ( Amos-Landgraf et al. 1999 ; Ji et al. 1999 , 2000 ). The ancestral HERC2 gene encodes a giant protein, recessive mutations of which cause a neurological and developmental syndrome...
  4. ....A., and Nicholls, R.D. 2000b . Structure of the highly conserved HERC2 gene and of multiple partially duplicated paralogs in human. Genome Res. 10 : 319 -329. ↵ Johnson, M.E., Viggiano, L., Bailey, J.A., Abdul-Rauf, M., Goodwin, G., Rocchi, M., and Eichler, E.E. 2001 . Positive selection of a gene family during...
  5. .... This suggests an underlying DNA transposition mechanism for their duplication and dispersal. Partial or complete paralogous genomic segments have been identified for several gene loci including ALD, SLC6A8, NF1, HERC2, KGF, FRG1 , olfactory receptor, immunoglobulin variable κ-chain and immunoglobulin variable...
  6. ...or multiple test adjusted significance. While this suggests that the selective signal is focused on immune function, it does not preclude the action of differential selection at some other individual loci. For example, the distribution of top FST points to one cluster of high values centered on the HERC2 gene...
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