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  1. ....55% of the identified m6A sites were detected within 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), whereas a significant proportion of 31.75% was found in the coding sequence (CDS) of mRNAs (Fig. 1B). Additionally, our findings indicate an increasing trend in the prevalence of m6A sites spanning from the translation initiation codon...
  2. ..., as recently exemplified by the gene encoding the transcription factor SOX9 (Naqvi et al. 2023), these regulatory changes are associated with differences in phenotype and disease risk (Albert and Kruglyak 2015). To our knowledge, there exist currently no assays that measure the viable dosage range of mRNA...
  3. ...was relatively uniform, with a higher concentration toward the 5′ end (Fig. 3A). In contrast, in MT-mRNA, the m3C sites were depleted near both the 5′ and 3′ ends of the RNA (Fig. 3A), which correspond to the boundaries of the coding sequence (CDS), owing to the near absence of UTRs (Fig. 3B). Despite...
  4. ...decreased protein abundance but not mRNA abundance (WT vs. UCUUC/UCUCU mutations [mUCUUC/mUCUCU]) (Fig. 5A; Supplemental Fig. S8H). Mutating the CU-tract or “UCUUC”/”UCUCU” in the 5′ UTR–nonAUG TIS of Solyc06g009750.3.1 did not change translation efficiency (Supplemental Fig. S8F,G), implying other factors...
  5. ...evolutionarily conserved weak context (Loughran et al. 2018). Moreover, translation at fdAUG can be observed in those cases in which fdAUG is located downstream from CDS in the 3′ UTR as in the example of RPS19BP1 (Fig. 2D). Although it is possible that some nested or downstream ORFs code for functional peptides...
  6. .... The targeting of RNA transcripts to axons is one of the mechanisms that allows rapid local translation of proteins in response to extracellular signals. 3′ Untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA are noncoding sequences that play a critical role in determining transcript localization and translation by interacting...
  7. ...interactions between subtelomeric sequences among homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes (Hirai et al. 2019). The function of the subterminal caps is not known, although they have been proposed to help stabilize African great ape s by preventing or buffering against interchromosomal exchanges of more...
  8. ...functions are provided to assign translated reading frames accurately: assign_frames()—assigns reading frames to Ribo-seq reads based on provided CDS ranges, enabling precise determination of translated codons. assign_frames_extended()—extends annotated frame assignments into UTRs, accommodating overlapping...
  9. ...analysis and identified genes positively correlated with different PLAAT4 isoforms (Fig. 6A). Our results revealed that genes specifically correlated with canonical PLAAT4 were enriched in virus defense functions (Supplemental Fig. S12A), whereas those correlated with LTR7-PLAAT4 isoform 1 were enriched...
  10. ...and transcriptomic levels, along with their regulatory effects on structural variations (SVs) and gene expression. Functional validation is performed using dual-luciferase assays and cell-based experiments. Our findings reveal that integrated HBV sequences form long concatemers, mediating inter- and intrachromosomal...
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