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  1. ...the genes with negative AvgPCCs, and Smad5 and Gli2 have the most negative AvgPCC within these two pathways (Fig. 5A). Consistent with their regulatory role in coordinating the phase transition, BMP up-regulated genes (Methods) are significantly enriched in Cluster 1, 4, and 5, while SHH up-regulated genes...
  2. ...used microarrays to detect significantly up-and down-regulated genes. We used BMP4 to induce astrocytic differentiation (Sun et al. 2011a), treatment with B27- and FGF2-containing medium to induce an early neuronal progenitor fate (Spiliotopoulos et al. 2009), and BMP4 + FGF2 to induce NS cell...
  3. ...the promoters of genes expressed highly in TS cells such as Bmp8b, Bmpr1a, Elf5, Klf5, Smad7, Rbpsuh, and Smo and genes expressed highly during placental development such as Cited2, Gata2, and Smad2 (Supplemental Table S2). To identify common targets of SMARCA4 in TS cells and ES cells, we compared genes bound...
  4. ...functionally related regulatory enhancers situated in the Fli1 , Hhex (also known as Hex ), and Smad6 gene loci ( Donaldson et al. 2005a , b ; Donaldson and Gottgens 2006 ; Pimanda et al. 2007a ), and are thus beginning to define key components of the transcriptional networks controlling HSCs ( Pimanda et al...
  5. ...with embryonic stem cell pathways, including BMP and Wnt signaling, both of which have repeatedly been implicated in the morphological development of avian beaks. This suggests that identifying genotype-phenotype association on a -wide scale over macroevolutionary time is feasible. Although the coding...
  6. ...is uniformly high (but not above wildtype levels), leading to a mesodermal precursor fate (Schneider et al. 1991). In gastrulation defective (gd) mutant embryos gd7, Dl is not activated, resulting in uniformly high signaling activity of the fly BMP2/4 ortholog Decapentaplegic (Dpp) but below wildtype maximum...
  7. ...that is significantly enriched for functional annotation terms related to transcription regulation and embryonic morphogenesis (Fig. 4A “pluri,” Supplemental Fig. S10A; Supplemental Table S3). These genes included canonical pluripotency expressed genes such as DNMT3B, POU5F1, EYA1, PBX1, FOXH1, FOXK1, SMAD3, TFAP2A...
  8. ...in organismal and anatomical structure development, cell movement, and cellular development (Supplemental Figs. S5E, S6; Supplemental File S2). IPA analysis revealed 11 transcripts involved in embryonic stem cell pluripotency (BMP4, FGF4, FGFR2, FZD2, FZD3, FZD9, GSK3B, SOX2, TGFBR1, WNT5B, SMAD1). Genes...
  9. ...demonstrated by multiple in vivo and in vitro genetic experiments. Homozygous Tal1- murine embryos die of anemia with failed yolk sac hematopoiesis (Robb et al. 1995; Shivdasani et al. 1995). Furthermore, no hematopoietic lineages were detectable from Tal1- embryonic stem cells after in vitro...
  10. ...progenitors and precursors temporarily rewire their transcriptome, up- and downregulating hundreds of genes to accelerate the production of mature RBCs. Effective regeneration requires communication between critical cytokine signals (e.g., BMP4) and cis-regulatory elements on chromatin which coordinate...
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