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  1. ...-scale unstranded RNA-seq data could be valuable in three ways. For example, other public transcriptome databases, such as the TCGA Consortium (Ciriello et al. 2013; Kandoth et al. 2013), the GTEx Project (The GTEx Consortium 2013), the Human Protein Atlas (Uhlen et al. 2010, 2015), and NCBI GEO, include large...
  2. ..., conserved noncoding segments are strong candidates for experimental verification (e.g., Hardison et al. 1997a ; Loots et al. 2000 ). On the other hand, sequence conservation by itself may not differentiate between regulatory segments and other functional regions, such as non-translated RNA genes. We...
  3. ...Conserved Noncoding Sequences in the Grasses 4 Dan Choffnes Inada 1 , Ali Bashir 1 , Chunghau Lee 1 , Brian C. Thomas 2 , Cynthia Ko 3 , Stephen A. Goff 3 , and Michael Freeling 1 , 5 1 Department...
  4. ...Heyningen 2005; Kleinjan and Coutinho 2009). To date, this phenomenon has been reported for more than 40 genetic loci in the human ; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Of interest, a 7.4-kb cis-regulatory deletion disrupting conserved noncoding sequences and their interaction...
  5. .... Inferences based on such alignments, such as estimates of the degree of sequence divergence or conservation, are therefore almost certainly biased ( Thorne et al. 1991 ). Such heuristic methods have frequently been used for alignment of noncoding DNA from diverse species (e.g., Gu and Li 1995 ; Jareborg et...
  6. .... These can include the presumptive start site for transcription ( Trinklein et al. 2003 ), matches to transcription factor binding sites ( Wingender et al. 2001 ; Sandelin et al. 2004a ), overrepresentation of motifs in coexpressed genes ( Spellman et al. 1998 ), and noncoding sequence conservation (for...
  7. .... ↵ Dubchak, I., Brudno, M., Loots, G.G., Pachter, L., Mayor, C., Rubin, E.M., and Frazer, K.A. 2000 . Active conservation of noncoding sequences revealed by three-way species comparisons. Genome Res. 10 : 1304 –1306. ↵ Duncan, I. 1987 . The bithorax complex. Annu. Rev. Genet. 21 : 285 –319. ↵ Ewing, B...
  8. .../30 revealed a much sparser set of nearly parallel connections (Supplemental Fig. S2A). As expected, comparisons of three or more genomic sequences allowed clean results at lower thresholds than pairwise comparisons, improving the signal-to-noise ratio ( Fig. 2A,C ; Supplemental Fig. S2A,B). Three-way...
  9. ...comparison is the primary method used to identify functional noncoding elements in human and other large genomes. However, little is known about the relative merits of evolutionarily close and distant sequence comparisons. To address this problem, we identified evolutionarily conserved noncoding regions...
  10. ...of conserved noncoding DNA is sufficient for both intergenic and intronic compartments of the Drosophila . Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of NoncodingConservation Because there is no reading frame to constrain alignments, results based on pairwise sequence comparisons of noncoding DNA...
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