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  1. ...-read sequencing cannot resolve the complex segmental duplications (SDs) to provide direct confirmation of the hypothesis that the rearrangements are caused by nonallelic homologous recombination between the low copy repeats on Chromosome 22 (LCR22s). To enable haplotype-specific assembly and rearrangement mapping...
  2. ...identity (>90%; also known as segmental duplications [SDs]) pose particular challenges for gene annotation because (1) they are enriched in assembly gaps (Alkan et al. 2011), (2) they are more prone to copy number polymorphism among individuals of the same species (Sudmant et al. 2015), and (3) different...
  3. ...; Ebert et al. 2021; Liao et al. 2023).SVs—defined as insertions, deletions, duplications, inversions, repeat expansions, and translocations at least 50 bp in size—are major contributors to genetic diversity and disease susceptibility and are more likely to have a larger effect size than single nucleotide...
  4. .... 2004. Large-scale copy number polymorphism in the human . Science 305: 525–528. She X, Cheng Z, Zollner S, Church DM, Eichler EE. 2008. Mouse segmental duplication and copy number variation. Nat Genet 40: 909–914. Smyth GK. 2004. Linear models and empirical Bayes methods for assessing differential...
  5. ...of interchromosomal and intrachromosomal segmental duplications, also known as duplicons or low-copy repeat sequences ( Saarela et al. 2002 ). Such regions often demarcate regions of genomic instability associated within recurrent chromosomal structural rearrangements and disease ( Stankiewicz and Lupski 2002...
  6. ...variation of the C57BL/6J strain. We conservatively estimate that ∼57% of all highly identical segmental duplications (≥90%) were misassembled or collapsed within the working draft WGS assembly. The WGS approach often leaves duplications fragmented and unassigned to a chromosome when compared with the clone...
  7. ..., b ). Both deletions and duplications can occur during meiosis, resulting in altered gene dosage associated with mental retardation and congenital malformation syndromes. The most well-recognized include Williams-Beuren syndrome on Chromosome 7q11.2, Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes on Chromsome 15q11...
  8. ...(PFGE), and public array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) data, we show that the REPA/B structure is also susceptible to frequent meiotic rearrangements. It is a highly dynamic genomic region undergoing deletions, inversions, and duplications likely produced by non-allelic homologous...
  9. ...the overall size distribution of human CNVs. Furthermore, the possibility that larger CNVs tend to represent multi-copy duplications is consistent with earlier observations that large segmental duplications are more likely to be tolerated by a than are deletions of similar sizes (i.e., >100 kb) ( Lindsley...
  10. ...(NAHR)-mediated copy-number variants (CNVs). The most commonly observed recurrent CNVs were NPHP1 duplications (233), CHRNA7 duplications (175), and 22q11.21 deletions (DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome, 166). In the ∼25% of CMA cases for which parental studies were available, we identified 190 de...
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