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  1. ...and manual methods to build a curated TE library for each species based on the classification of TEs (Wicker et al. 2007). The method was designed to perform polishing steps in both TE consensus and copies to remove artifacts (see Methods). The total number of TE consensuses (LTRs separated from internal...
  2. ...diverse and enriched with LTR retrotransposonsWe set out to identify Pst104E's centromeric regions and analyzed their sequence composition. Basidiomycete centromeres are often characterized by hypermethylated TE-rich and gene-poor regions (Guin et al. 2020). We estimated their positions from the Hi...
  3. ...,B), with one characterized by the insertion of a nonrepetitive genomic region of 480 bp of unknown origin, followed by a solo-LTR (Supplemental Fig. S12C,D). On the other hand, 5S rDNA genes present lower sequence similarity levels that can drop down to 80.8% of identity between 5S_14 and 5S_22 paralogs...
  4. ...; Wlodzimierz et al. 2023b), whereas in other s, retrotransposons correspond to the CENH3-occupied sequences themselves (Fig. 1E; Table 1). For example, monocot centromeres frequently contain a high frequency of Gypsy-LTR chromovirus retrotransposons, including CRM in maize, CRR in rice, and Cereba and Quinta...
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  5. ...(Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium 2007; Lerat et al. 2011; Kofler et al. 2015; Bargues and Lerat 2017). Non-LTR retrotransposons comprise the majority (52%) of the old TEs found in all four mel-complex species, whereas DNA transposons comprise most (71%) of the younger fixed TE sequences found only in the sim...
  6. ...by LTR elements (odds ratio = 6.56, P-value = 1.2 × 10−8, Fisher's exact test) (Supplemental Fig. 10A). Because LTRs include many of the youngest TE families in the zebrafish (Chang et al. 2022), we reasoned that their enrichment among up-regulated genes and TE families may reflect a tendency for young...
  7. ...-range linkage information (Fig. 1C). This was reflected by the increased annotated repeat content (9.9% vs. 7.2%) of droZJU1.0 versus droNov1 s, which is mainly concentrated at several long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon families (Supplemental Fig. S2). We annotated a total of 20,823 consensus gene...
  8. ...as is standard for RNA-seq analysis of genes. After normalization based on total counts, we determined the expression of all TE elements within hippocampal nuclei (Fig. 1C). Although passenger transcripts detected expression of long-terminal repeat containing elements (LTR), LINEs, satellite RNA, and SINEs, bona...
  9. ..., such as LTR retrotransposons, in altering host gene expression (Chung et al. 2007). This may suggest that other processes beyond TE-mediated increases in expression are involved in the patterns of enrichment we uncover, although it is entirely possible that the DNA TEs involved also contain sequences relevant...
  10. ...) families of transposable elements (Fig. 1C). Peaks at 237, 433, and 466 bp consisted of the OsT38 family of Tc1-mariner (Lu et al. 2012) elements, mPing elements (Jiang et al. 2003; Naito et al. 2014), and the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the gypsy-type retrotransposon RIRE2 (Ohtsubo et al. 1999...
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