Function annotation of rice transcriptome at single nucleotide resolution by RNA-seq
- Tingting Lu,
- Guojun Lu,
- Danlin Fan,
- Chuanrang Zhu,
- Wei Li,
- Qiang Zhao,
- Qi Feng,
- Yan Zhao,
- Yunli Guo,
- Wenjun Li,
- Xuehui Huang and
- Bin Han1
- * Corresponding author; email: bhan{at}ncgr.ac.cn
Abstract
The functional complexity of the rice transcriptome is not yet fully elucidated despite many studies having reported the use of DNA microarrays. Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies provide a powerful approach for mapping and quantifying the transcriptome, termed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). In this study, we applied RNA-seq to globally sample transcripts of the cultivated rice Oryza sativa indica and japonica subspecies for resolving the whole-genome transcription profiles. We identified 15,708 novel transcriptional active regions (nTARs), of which 51.7% have no homolog to public protein data and more than 63% are putative single exon transcripts, which are highly different from protein-coding genes (<20%). We found that ~48% rice genes show alternative splicing patterns, a percentage considerably higher than previous estimations. On the basis of the available rice gene models, 83.1% (46,472 genes) of the current rice gene models were validated by RNA-seq, and 6,228 genes were identified to be extended at the 5' and/or 3' ends by at least 50 bp. Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that 3,464 genes exhibited differential expression patterns. The ratio of SNPs with nonsynonymous/synonymous mutations was nearly 1:1.06. In total, we interrogated and compared transcriptomes of the two rice subspecies to reveal the overall transcriptional landscape at maximal resolution.
Footnotes
- Received February 4, 2010.
- Accepted July 12, 2010.
- Copyright © 2010, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
This manuscript is Open Access.
