Table 1.
Names of Study Populations, Locations of Sampling, Ethnological and Linguistic Descriptions, and Sample Sizes
| Population name (code) | Ethnic cluster | Sampling region and location | Language | Occupational details | Sample size |
| Brahmin (BR1) | upper caste | northern region, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Indo-European | traditionally priests, now various occupations | 11 |
| Brahmin (BR2) | upper caste | eastern region, Calcutta (West Bengal) | Indo-European | traditionally priests, now various occupations | 16 |
| Chamar (CHA) | lower caste | northern region, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Indo-European | menial and agricultural laborers | 9 |
| Lodha (LOD) | tribal | eastern region, Medinipur (West Bengal) | Austroasiatic | traditionally hunter–gatherers, now mostly agricultural laborers | 17 |
| Santal (SAN) | tribal | eastern region, Medinipur (West Bengal) | Austroasiatic | traditionally hunter–gatherers, now mostly agriculturists and agricultural laborers | 15 |
| Bagdi (BAG) | lower caste | eastern region, Hooghly (West Bengal) | Indo-European | mostly fishermen and agricultural laborers | 10 |
| Mahishya (MAH) | lower caste | eastern region, Hooghly (West Bengal) | Indo-European | mostly agriculturists and agricultural laborers | 12 |
| Agharia (AGH) | middle caste | eastern region, Sundergarh (Orissa) | Indo-European | various occupations | 8 |
| Rajput (RAJ) | middle caste | northern region, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) | Indo-European | various occupations | 21 |
| Tanti (TAN) | lower caste | eastern region, Sundergarh (Orissa) | Indo-European | weavers and agricultural laborers | 6 |
