
The effect of dye label on DNA pooling. Allele frequencies at D13S317 were estimated from DNA pools and compared with direct counts (red bars) as indicated in Fig. 1. This marker locus was examined in 54 Mennonite parents and their offspring. D13S317 T and U parental allele frequencies were estimated from amplification of a DNA pool by use of three different dye-labeled forward PCR primers [FAM (purple bars), HEX (gold bars), TET (green bars)], each the average of five replicate PCR experiments. Shown are allele frequencies for each allele in the sample and for T and U chromosomes separately.











