Phylogenetic tree of P5CS genes in nematodes, insects, and plants. The P5CS genes of plants, insects, and rotifers were downloaded from NCBI Gene. The P5CS gene presence in nematodes was confirmed using Aap5cs as query, and protein alignment by WormBase ParaSite blast to identify the homologous sequences in other nematodes. The presence of lea-1, tps-1, and sod-3 genes in other nematodes was determined by using A. avenae and Caenorhabditis elegans genes as queries in WormBase ParaSite blast. E. coli glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (PorA) was used as an outgroup. Different background colors represent different species, including pink for plants, green for insects, purple for nematodes, yellow for rotifers, and gray for E. coli. Among nematodes, blue fonts represent plant-parasitic nematodes, red fonts represent free-living nematodes, green fonts represent entomopathogenic nematode, and yellow fonts represent animal-parasitic nematodes.
