Dynamic barriers modify insulation of neighboring TADs, even at a fixed occupancy rate. (A) Illustration of how insulation score is calculated using a window size of 50 kb and equal size triangular areas within (blue) and between (brown) TADs. (B) Heat map showing sweeps of insulation score for barrier bound time (τb) versus occupancy, averaged across all simulated barriers. At large τb and high occupancy, TADs are more isolated. Experimental insulation scores shown as dashed lines (light blue [Bonev et al. 2017] mESC Hi-C; dark blue [Liu et al. 2021] control Hi-C) (also see Supplemental Fig. S4). (C) Insulation scores in normal versus threefold increased extruder lifetime conditions for various barrier bound times at occupancy 0.7. Point color reflects bound time. (D) Insulation scores from Hi-C before (blue) or after WAPL depletion (yellow) from Liu et al. (2021), alongside simulations with reference (blue) or higher (yellow) lifetime at indicated τb.
