
Potential sources of NUMTs. (A) Canonical integration through host species’ mitochondrial genome. (B) Integration of the host species’ mitochondrial genome stemming from mitochondrial replacement such as a consequence of hybridization (Javaheri Tehrani et al. 2021). (C) Integration of the mitochondrial DNA of another species, for example, through a retrovirus (Tsuji et al. 2012). (D) Integration of nuclear DNA from another species, for example, through nuclear hybrid genome formation (Popadin et al. 2022), which happens to carry a NUMT.











