Advanced strategies in precision oncology. (Top right panel) Multiomics analyses illustrate the integration of advanced sequencing technologies with various omics approaches to elucidate the molecular foundations of cancer pathogenesis and progression. The sequencing, genomics, and transcriptomics illustrations are from Kovaka et al. (2023), the epigenetics illustration is adapted from Mehrmohamadi et al. (2021), and the proteomics illustration is from Zhang et al. (2021). (Bottom right panel) Advanced oncology initiatives highlight emerging trends such as T2T reference genomes and pan-cancer studies across diverse populations. The pan-cancer illustration was adapted from Savage et al. (2024). (Top left panel) Computational oncology approaches demonstrate the application of advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence methods in cancer research. Four potential applications and a deep learning model adapted from Unger and Kather (2024), along with a computational model flowchart from Ma and Gurkan-Cavusoglu (2024) are depicted. (Bottom left panel) Smart health technologies show the development of applications for efficient data collection, transmission, real-time monitoring, and treatment in cancer care, such as internet of things (IoT) systems and wearable devices. The wearable device illustration on the left is modified from Ma et al. (2023). (Top center panel) Clinical applications illustrate some key clinical directions in precision oncology. The biomarker discovery illustration is modified from Kawata-Shimamura et al. (2022). The early screening illustration is from Liao et al. (2022), the gene editing illustration from Zhang et al. (2021), and the immunotherapy illustration from Guerrouahen et al. (2020).
