
IGHV and IGHJ allelic diversity by major ethnic groups. (A) Cohort composition. (B) Number of detected novel alleles, normalized per number of individuals. (C) Total number of detected alleles by IGHJ gene in European, African, and general population, normalized by downsampling to a fixed number of individuals (N = 92). (D) Total number of detected alleles by IGHV gene in European, African, and general population, normalized by downsampling to a fixed number of individuals (N = 92). Comparison between ethnicities in each (B–D) was performed using a permutation test (1000 permutations, [*] P ≤ 0.05, [**] P ≤ 0.01, nonsignificant not shown).











