Identification of tsRNA function in early pupae. (A) GO enrichment of putative target genes (N = 1418) of highly expressed tsRNAs at P2 stage. (B) Shown are the fold differences between P2 and L3 in mRNA levels of putative tsRNA target genes and nontarget genes. Student's t-test P = 0.04. (C) Shown are the fold differences between P2 and L3 in mRNA levels of putative tsRNA target genes in three functional categories: GO:0007552 (“metamorphosis”), GO:0002181 (“translation”), and all other target genes (“others”). (D) Clustering of the time-series mRNA expression profiles from L3 to P2. A total of 6713 DEGs either between L3 and P1 or between P1 and P2 were used in the analysis. Hypergeometric test P = 10−8 and 10−7, for the metamorphosis group enrichment in cluster #2 (red) and the translation group enrichment in cluster #3 (green), respectively.
