Assembly of a pangenome for global cattle reveals missing sequences and novel structural variations, providing new insights into their diversity and evolutionary history

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Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Population structure derived from deletions in cattle. (A) Geographic map of the origins of 50 cattle breeds after sample and deletion genotyping quality filtering (see Methods); the dot, triangle, and cross represent B. indicus, B. taurus, and Hybrid, separately. (B) Principle component analysis (PCA) showing PC1 and PC2 of 50 different cattle breeds. (C) ADMIXTURE analysis of 50 different cattle breeds. The numbers listed in the figure represent (1) Hereford, (2) Holstein, (3) Angus, (4) MaineAnjou, (5) Belgian Blue, (6) Simmental, (7) Limousin, (8) Jersey, (9) Gelbvieh, (10) Charolais, (11) Rashoki, (12) Hanwoo, (13) Yanbian, (14) Chaidamu Yellow, (15) Mongolian, (16) Kazakh, (17) Tibetan Yellow, (18) Luxi, (19) Bohai Black, (20) Dabieshan, (21) Weining, (22) Jiaxian Red, (23) Enshi, (24) Dengchuan, (25) Zaobei, (26) Xuanhan, (27) Wenshan, (28) Wannan, (29) Leiqiong, (30) Jinjiang, (31) Ji'an, (32) Guangfeng, (33) Nelore, (34) Gir, (35) Brahman, (36) Ogaden, (37) Mursi, (38) Kenana, (39) Horro, (40) Goffa, (41) Fogera, (42) Butana, (43) Boran, (44) Barka, (45) Arsi, (46) Afar, (47) Sheko, (48) Ankole, (49) N'Dama, and (50) Beefmaster.

This Article

  1. Genome Res. 32: 1585-1601

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