
Conservation of putative VG enhancer sequences across snakes. Alignment and conservation of TFBSs in putative VG enhancer regions (vPERs) among species of venomous snakes for SVMPs (A) and PLA2 vPERs (B). In A, shared and lineage-specific TFBSs between viperid (Crotalus, Protobothrops, and Deinagkistrodon) and elapid (Naja) sequences are indicated below the alignment. (C) Tree indicating divergence of venomous snake lineages and a hypothesis for the origin and conservation of SVMP and PLA2 PERs.











