Mosquitoes with expanded Piwi pathway gene numbers display periodic piRNA biogenesis phasing patterns. (A) Autocorrelation analysis of the 3′-to-5′ and 5′-to-5′ piRNA phasing patterns from various small RNA libraries in the MSRG. Red arrows mark the periodicity of the 5′-to-5′ phasing in samples from independent laboratories and support a biological process rather than a technical feature in the detection of this periodic pattern. (B) Autocorrelation analysis of the piRNA ping-pong and overlapping siRNA patterns from various small RNA libraries in the MSRG, with Z10 and Z21 scores >1.0 as denoting a significant ping-pong piRNA or fully duplexed siRNA signature, respectively. The full gallery of additional pattern diagrams is in Supplemental Figure S10. The x-axis gives the base coordinates from the autocorrelation analysis, whereas the y-axis shows arbitrary units that vary for each individual library.
