Performance prediction of flowering time with joint genomic regression analysis (JGRA) to leverage environmental index and genomic prediction. (A–C) JGRA using reaction-norm parameters. (D–F) JGRA using genome-wide marker effect continua. The three scenarios are predicting performance for tested genotypes in untested environments (A,D), predicting performance for untested genotypes in tested environments (B,E), and predicting performance for untested genotypes in untested environments (C,F). Prediction accuracy within each individual environment (in parentheses) and across all environments (r) are indicated; the diagonal line indicates the exact match between observed and predicted values.
