Comparison of beak shape–associated gene sets derived from coding and noncoding genomic regions. (A) Overlap of the identified gene sets. (B) Overlap of genes included in each data set (background). (C) Thirty-two genes identified in our study occurring in the ESC pluripotent pathways, including BMP and Wnt signaling. Genes highlighted in green were detected in the protein-coding analysis, and genes highlighted in orange were detected in the noncoding analysis. ELK1, labeled in blue, was detected as one of the transcription motif binding proteins. Coding genes denote all genes analyzed for the protein-coding gene analysis, CIS genes are genes in local proximity to analyzed noncoding genomic regions, and Motif binding are annotated proteins from the motif binding identification with TOMTOM (Gupta et al. 2007).
