Expression profiles of autosomal and X-linked genes according to the haploid selection hypothesis. (A) Diploid and haploid states of autosomal (black) and X-linked (orange) genes along the three phases of spermatogenesis. (B) Relative expression prediction of autosomal and X-linked genes along male mitosis (Mit), meiosis (Mei), and post-meiosis (Post). (C) Relative proportion of autosomal and X-linked D. melanogaster genes calculated for each spermatogenic phase showed separately for old and new genes (Methods). Dashed white lines represent the average autosomal proportion among ages. Total sample sizes for autosomal and X-linked genes, respectively: 5170, 956 (old); 260, 57 (new). (***) P < 0.001; (**) P < 0.01; (*) P < 0.05; Fisher's exact test: one phase versus other phases grouped.
