Haploid selection drives new gene male germline expression

Simulations from the developed mathematical model. (A) Comparison between the values of Δq₂ and Δq₁ obtained in the deterministic model for the cases {h = 0, x = 1.1, s = 0.8} and {h = 1, x = 1.1, s = 0.8}. Results (case x > 1) obtained from drift/selection simulations for cases h = 1 (B,D) and h = 0 (C,E) for population sizes (N) 200 (B,C) and 1000 (D,E), keeping the parameters as prescribed in A (case x = 1.1). (F) The Δq₁ simulated populations are shown as black dots (around the curves representing Δq₁ in A). The black dots represent the percentage of cases in which the selective gain in the fixation process is larger in the diploid than in the haploid phase, because of random genetic drift depending on selection and population size N. The upper set and the line y₂ correspond to the case x > 1, and the lower set and the function y₁ correspond to the alternative case x ≤ 1. The percentage figures obtained in the case x ≤ 1 correspond with negligible statistical error to the function y = e^3.84/N^0.30 [F_(1,10) = 1404.30, P = 0.00001, r² = 0.993].