Detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium hospital-adapted lineages in municipal wastewater treatment plants indicates widespread distribution and release into the environment

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Figure 6.
Figure 6.

Reads mapped against vanA reference plasmid EC503 showing common plasmid backbone present in bloodstream and wastewater isolates. Left-hand side: maximum-likelihood tree of branch leading to dominant clade (n = 108). Scale bar, 23 SNPs. The density of the horizontal bars corresponds to the read coverage, with black indicating presence and white absence. (Top) Turquoise arrows, coding sequences: pink, vanA transposon genes; orange, IS1216E; purple, novel repB_1 gene; brown, genes encoding for novel putative cell-surface proteins (Cna protein B-type domains) and associated sortases. Markings shown at 20,000 bp. Vancomycin susceptibility was associated with lack of plasmid or lack of vanA transposon (with or without downstream 3′ region). Full sequence and annotation files of plasmid EC503 are available in Supplemental File S2.

This Article

  1. Genome Res. 29: 626-634

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