CSDE1 is required for CVB3 infection. (A) Viability of wild-type (HeLa) and CSDE1 knockout (KO) cells after CVB3 infection. (B) Viral replication test of wild-type (HeLa) and CSDE1 KO cells using the CVB3 replicon. Transfection with cDNA encoding the eGFP-CSDE1 protein into CSDE1 KO cells rescued CVB3 replication. (C) Transfection with cDNA encoding the eGFP-CSDE1 protein into CSDE1 KO cells rescued CVB3 infection. After 8 h of CVB3 infection in wild-type (HeLa) and CSDE1 KO cells transfected with the plasmid encoding the eGFP-CSDE1 protein, cells were harvested and lysed for western blot analysis using anti-CSDE1 antibody, anti-VP1 antibody, and anti-beta actin antibody. (D) CVB3 IRES-dependent translation assay of wild-type (HeLa) and CSDE1 KO cells. Dual luciferase reporter plasmids containing the IRES sequence from five different viruses were transfected into cells and the activity of firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase was measured.
