Geographic and subspecific pattern of gene flow. (A) Geographic distribution of domesticated alleles introgression at PROG1 and sh4 loci. Each pie chart represents the wild rice population of a region, and the area is proportional to its sample size. Each chart was divided into four categories according to the haplotype information at the two domestication loci: the domestication sh4 allele only (yellow), the wild prog1 allele only (blue), domestication alleles for both sh4 and PROG1 (purple), and wild sh4 and PROG1 alleles (black). Regions with less than 10 samples are not shown. (B) Geographic distribution of gene flow from indica, japonica, and aus. The proportions of admixed wild accessions with >5% ancestry of a certain subspecies in different regions are plotted. Wild accessions with indica have a pandemic distribution across rice cultivation regions, whereas accessions with japonica ancestry are endemic to regions including China, Burma, and Vietnam. Accessions with aus ancestry are mainly found in the Ganges Basin region, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia.
