
Enrichment analysis of down- or up-regulated genes against sex-biased genes. Analysis was performed separately for down-regulated and up-regulated genes found in both hybrids against the gene categories defined by two previous studies (see text). Note a significant enrichment of spermatogenesis genes (A) or male-specific genes (B) in the down-regulated gene list. “Low male” category also shows a significant enrichment for up-regulated genes, but its ratio is not comparable to those in down-regulated list. (C) Gene ontology analysis of down- or up-regulated genes shared by the two sterile lines.











