Genomes of Ellobius species provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics of mammalian sex chromosomes

d_N and d_S analyses of autosomal and X-linked genes in E. lutescens. (A) Boxplots showing d_N values of autosomal and X-Chromosomal E. lutescens orthologs of mouse genes. Values were averaged per chromosome and plotted using the mouse chromosomal map. (B) Boxplots showing d_S values of autosomal and X-Chromosomal E. lutescens orthologs of mouse genes. Values were averaged per chromosome and plotted using the mouse chromosomal map. (C) Boxplots of d_N (left) and d_S (middle) values of all autosomal genes together compared with the X Chromosome, and the corresponding d_N/d_S values for the autosomal genes and the X-linked genes (right), calculated from the summed values. P values were calculated using R (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and indicate significant differences between autosomal and X-Chromosomal values. (D) Scatter plot showing the distribution of d_N and d_S for the E. lutescens X Chromosome (green) and autosomes (red).