
Figure 4.
Principal component analyses. (A) PC1 and PC2 of dogs and 20 wolves; (B) PC1 and PC2 of dogs and 18 wolves, excluding the Tibetan wolf 1 and Qinghai wolf 1; (C) PC3 and PC4 of dogs and 20 wolves; (D) PC3 and PC4 of dogs and 18 wolves, excluding the Tibetan wolf 1 and Qinghai wolf 1. (□) Highland Asian wolves; (▵) lowland Asian wolves; (○) Middle Eastern wolves; (■) European wolves; (▲) dogs; (●) North American wolves.











