
Competition for miRNA regulation. Cupid relies on evidence for competition for miRNA regulation, simultaneously identifying ceRNA and miRNA–target interactions. (A) A ceRNA network of oncogenes implicated in breast cancer regulation. Transfections of the 3′ UTRs of (B) CCND1, (C) ESR1, (D) HIF1A, and (E) PDGFRA in MCF7 up-regulated mRNA expression within the network, as measured by qPCR. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; (*) P < 0.05, (**) P < 0.01, (***) P < 0.001.











