Akkermansia muciniphila treatment reduces obesity and metabolic syndrome traits in mice fed a HF/HS diet. (A) Total body weight, body fat, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, gonadal, and subcutaneous fat depot weights (g per 100 g body weight) in mice treated by oral gavage with live or heat-inactivated A. muciniphila and fed a HF/HS diet (n = 5). (B) Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, unesterified cholesterol (UC), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) levels. (C) Relative abundance of bacterial genera between different treatment groups. Data are shown as means ± SD. Significant differences: (*) P < 0.05, (**) P < 0.01, (***) P < 0.001, (****) P < 0.0001, with unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.
