Preservation of genetic and regulatory robustness in ancient gene duplicates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Duplicate gene copies that interact genetically are more enriched for nonsynonymous SNPs (NSNPs) than genetically interacting singletons. We built a distribution of singleton interacting pairs randomly sampled that was not biased by highly interacting singletons. (A) Duplicate interacting pairs are more enriched for NSNPs than expected (black arrow; probability of the number of observed duplicates with NSNPs is indicated above the arrow). (B) Pairs of whole-genome duplicates (WGDs) with interacting gene copies are not more enriched than expected. (C) Small-scale duplicates (SSDs) with interacting gene copies are more enriched for NSNPs than expected.